D-Limonene 94% - Food Grade

Product Identifier

D-Limonene 94% - Food Grade

Grade

Food

Concentration

94%

CAS Number

5989-27-5

Chemical Formula

C10H16

Manufacturer

Alliance Chemical
204 South Edmond Street, Taylor, TX 76574

Emergency Phone

Chemtel 1-800-255-3924 (24/7)

Synonyms

(R)-(+)-Limonene; citrus terpene; orange terpene

Recommended Use

Food-grade flavoring and fragrance ingredient (FCC); natural citrus solvent for cleaners and degreasers.

Restrictions on Use

Skin sensitizer, and stronger once oxidized by air: keep containers closed and use within shelf life. If swallowed undiluted, do NOT induce vomiting (aspiration hazard). Food use only as a flavoring ingredient at food-use levels, under the applicable food regulations.

Classification

• Flammable liquids, Category 3
• Aspiration hazard, Category 1
• Skin corrosion/irritation, Category 2
• Skin sensitization, Category 1
• Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard, Category 1 †

† GHS environmental hazard class; not adopted under OSHA HCS (29 CFR 1910.1200).

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

• H226Flammable liquid and vapor
• H304May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
• H315Causes skin irritation
• H317May cause an allergic skin reaction
• H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary Statements

• P210Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.
• P233Keep container tightly closed.
• P240Ground and bond container and receiving equipment.
• P241Use explosion-proof electrical, ventilating, and lighting equipment.
• P242Use non-sparking tools.
• P243Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
• P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapors or spray.
• P264Wash hands and face thoroughly after handling.
• P272Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
• P273Avoid release to the environment.
• P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, and eye/face protection.
• P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor.
• P302+P352IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water and soap.
• P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water or shower.
• P321Specific treatment (see first-aid information on this label).
• P331Do NOT induce vomiting.
• P332+P313If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice or attention.
• P333+P313If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice or attention.
• P362Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
• P370+P378In case of fire: Use alcohol-resistant foam, CO2 or dry chemical powder to extinguish.
• P391Collect spillage.
• P403+P235Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool.
• P405Store locked up.
• P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local, regional, national, and international regulations.

Classification, hazard (H) and precautionary (P) statements and pictograms per OSHA HCS 2024 (29 CFR 1910.1200, Appendices A–C), aligned with GHS Rev. 7.

Concentrations are nominal; lot-specific values appear on the Certificate of Analysis. Components not contributing to classification are omitted.

Eyes

Rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Seek medical attention immediately.

Skin

Immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing. Wash with soap. Get medical attention immediately.

Inhalation

Move person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Get medical attention immediately.

Ingestion

Do Not Induce Vomiting! Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If conscious, wash out mouth with water. Get medical attention immediately.

Most Important Symptoms and Effects

• Aspiration into the lungs, for example during vomiting, may cause chemical pneumonitis, which can be fatal.
• Skin contact causes irritation: redness, itching and pain; repeated contact may dry and crack the skin.
• May cause an allergic skin reaction (rash, itching), which can be delayed and recur on later exposure.

Immediate Medical Attention and Special Treatment

• Aspiration hazard: if swallowed, do not induce vomiting and get medical attention immediately. Note to physician: observe for chemical pneumonitis; protect the airway before any gastric procedure.

Suitable Extinguishing Media

Alcohol-resistant foam, CO2, dry chemical powder. Water spray may be used to cool fire-exposed containers.

Unsuitable Extinguishing Media

Do not use a solid water stream — may scatter and spread fire.

Specific Hazards Arising from the Chemical

Vapors are heavier than air and may form explosive mixtures with air; they can travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Containers may rupture when heated.

Protective Equipment

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.

Hazardous Combustion Products

Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and acrid smoke on combustion; limonene oxides (skin sensitizers) on air oxidation.

Personal Precautions

Use PPE as described in Section 8. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Hazard-Specific Precautions

Eliminate all ignition sources. Use non-sparking tools and explosion-proof equipment; ground and bond containers during cleanup.

Environmental Precautions

Prevent leakage or spillage from entering drains, sewers, or waterways.

Containment & Cleanup

Absorb with inert material. Collect in appropriate waste container. Dispose per applicable regulations.

Safe Handling

Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Keep container closed when not in use.

Safe Storage

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Keep away from incompatible materials (see Section 10). Keep containers tightly closed. Ground and bond containers when transferring material.

Specific Storage Precautions

Keep tightly closed with minimal headspace, cool and out of light, away from oxidizers. Old or oxidized material is a stronger sensitizer.

Occupational Exposure Limits

Engineering Controls

Use adequate ventilation. Provide eyewash stations and quick-drench showers accessible to areas of use.

Eye/Face Protection

Wear chemical safety goggles or face shield.

Skin Protection

Wear chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing.

Respiratory Protection

Use a NIOSH-approved respirator with organic vapor cartridges. For confined spaces or exposures above the OEL, use supplied-air respiratory protection.

Exposure limits sourced from NIOSH Pocket Guide, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1000 and ACGIH TLVs.

Appearance

Clear, pale yellow liquid with citrus essence

Odor

Citrus (orange) odor

Odor Threshold

No data available

pH

No data available

Melting Point / Freezing Point

-96 °C (-141 °F); thickens near -74 to -78 °C

Boiling Point

175–176 °C (347–349 °F)

Flash Point

43–48 °C (110–118 °F), closed cup

Evaporation Rate

0.2 (n-butyl acetate = 1)

Flammability (solid, gas)

No data available

Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits

LEL 0.7% / UEL 6.1% (v/v in air)

Vapor Pressure

< 2 mmHg at 20 °C

Vapor Density

4.7 (air = 1)

Relative Density

0.84 at 20–25 °C (water = 1)

Solubility

Practically insoluble in water

Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water)

No data available

Auto-ignition Temperature

No data available

Decomposition Temperature

No data available

Viscosity

No data available

Particle Characteristics

Not applicable

Form

Liquid

Density

0.8411 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float

Refractive Index

1.471 - 1.474

Values shown reflect product-specific canonical data. Lot-specific ranges may vary; see the Certificate of Analysis for the shipped lot.

Reactivity

Not reactive under normal conditions of use and storage.

Chemical Stability

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Possibility of Hazardous Reactions

None under normal processing conditions.

Conditions to Avoid

Heat, sparks, open flame and static discharge; prolonged contact with air (forms sensitizing oxidation products).

Incompatible Materials

Strong oxidizing agents and peroxides; strong acids; halogens and iodine pentafluoride (violent reaction).

Hazardous Decomposition Products

Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and acrid smoke on combustion; limonene oxides (skin sensitizers) on air oxidation.

See below for route-specific acute toxicity data.

Likely Routes of Exposure

Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion.

Symptoms

• Aspiration into the lungs, for example during vomiting, may cause chemical pneumonitis, which can be fatal.
• Skin contact causes irritation: redness, itching and pain; repeated contact may dry and crack the skin.
• May cause an allergic skin reaction (rash, itching), which can be delayed and recur on later exposure.

Delayed and Chronic Effects

• Sensitization: once sensitized, later exposure to very low levels may cause a reaction.
• Repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis (dry, cracked skin).

Carcinogen Classification

Aquatic Hazard

• H410Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Ecotoxicity

Daphnia EC50: 0.577 mg/L (48 h, Daphnia magna (flow-through); static EC50 7.85 mg/L also reported); Fish LC50: 0.702 mg/L (96 h, Pimephales promelas)

Persistence & Degradability

Resistant to hydrolysis; rapid atmospheric degradation — 73% ThBOD (activated sludge, MITI)

Bioaccumulative Potential

log Kow 4.57, BCF 480 (estimated; high)

Mobility in Soil

Very low mobility in soil (estimated Koc 1120)

Dispose of contents/container in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Do not dispose of into drains or waterways.

EPA RCRA Waste Codes

D001 (ignitable). d-Limonene is not a P-, U- or F-listed waste.

If discarded, this material may be an ignitable hazardous waste (EPA RCRA D001, 40 CFR 261.21(a)(1): flash point below 60 °C; aqueous solutions with less than 24% alcohol by volume are excluded). The waste generator must make the final hazardous-waste determination.

US DOT (49 CFR)

UN Number

UN2319

Proper Shipping Name

Terpene hydrocarbons, N.O.S.

Hazard Class

3

Packing Group

III

Packaging-dependent regulation: Non-bulk packaging (≤ 119 gal, e.g. drums, pails, cans) ships as NON-REGULATED under the combustible-liquid reclassification (49 CFR 173.150(f)). Bulk packaging (totes/IBC > 119 gal) ships fully regulated under the DOT profile shown above. The combustible-liquid reclassification does not apply to transportation by vessel or aircraft, except where other means of transportation is impracticable (49 CFR 173.120(b)(2)).

Environmental Hazards

Meets GHS aquatic-hazard criteria; may be a marine pollutant under the IMDG Code (vessel transport).

IMDG / IATA classifications may differ from US DOT. Verify current regulations before international shipment.

SARA 311/312 hazard categories correspond to the GHS classification in Section 2. Data retrieved as of: California Proposition 65 2026-10-02; US EPA TSCA Active Inventory 2026-10-02; EPCRA SARA 313 (TRI) 2026-10-02.

Revision Date

2026-10-08

Format

16-section format per OSHA HCS 2024 (29 CFR 1910.1200, Appendix D), aligned with GHS Rev. 7.