Industrial chemicals · Taylor, TXTechnical Data Sheet
D-Limonene 94% - Food Grade
Food · 94%
- CAS number
- 5989-27-5
- UN number
- UN2319
- Hazard class · packing group
- 3 · PG III
- Structure
Structure · PubChem - Grade
- Food · 94%
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazards
- Proper shipping name
- Terpene hydrocarbons, N.O.S.
Identity & Composition
- Product Name
- D-Limonene 94% - Food Grade
- Alliance Code
- d-limonene-usp-grade
- Grade
- Food
- Concentration
- 94%
- CAS Number
- 5989-27-5PubChem
- Formula
- C10H16PubChem
- Molecular Weight
- —PubChem
- Product Type
- Solution
Specifications
| Test | Specification | Typical | Method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assay (d-Limonene) | 94.0% Min | 94.02 % | Gas chromatography | Interpreted |
| Acid value | <1.0 | 0.09 | — | Interpreted |
| Identification | TO PASS TEST | Passes test | Infrared absorption (JECFA ID test: IR) | Interpreted |
| Optical (specific) rotation @ 25 °C | +96 to +104° | 99 | — | Interpreted |
| Colour (Pt-Co / APHA) | 30 Max | 11 | ASTM D1209 / visual comparison | Interpreted |
| Peroxide value | 10 meq O2/kg Max | 0.62 meq O2/kg | AOCS Cd 8b-90 / iodometric titration | Interpreted |
| Non-volatile residue | 0.10% w/w Max | 0.013% w/w | Gravimetric, evaporation to dryness on steam bath | Interpreted |
| Lead | 1 mg/kg Max | 0.031 mg/kg | ICP-MS / FCC lead limit test | Interpreted |
Values are reproduced from the current product reference. Source labels do not by themselves establish a supplier guarantee or a test result for your lot. Confirm applicable acceptance limits and request lot-specific documentation.
Available GradesSame CAS, alternate grades and concentrations
| Grade | Concentration | Typical Assay | SKU | TDS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| This grade Food | 94% | — | current | current |
| Technical Grade | 95% | — | d-limonene-technical-grade | View TDS → |
Typical assay shown is the rolling-window mean from the sibling product's most recent lots. Grade selection drives downstream end-use — verify the sibling grade matches your specification before substitution.
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Clear, pale yellow liquid with citrus essence | Adjudicated |
| Form | Liquid | Published reference |
| Odor | Citrus (orange) odor | Adjudicated |
| Specific Gravity | 0.84 at 20–25 °C (water = 1) | Adjudicated |
| Density | 0.8411 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Less dense than water; will float | Published reference |
| Boiling Point | 175–176 °C (347–349 °F) | Adjudicated |
| Melting Point | -96 °C (-141 °F); thickens near -74 to -78 °C | Adjudicated |
| Flash Point | 43–48 °C (110–118 °F), closed cup | Adjudicated |
| Vapor Pressure | < 2 mmHg at 20 °C | Adjudicated |
| Vapor Density | 4.7 (air = 1) | Adjudicated |
| Solubility (water) | Practically insoluble in water | Adjudicated |
| Refractive Index (nD 20) | 1.471 - 1.474 | Interpreted |
Regulatory & Transport
DOT / 49 CFR
- UN Number
- UN2319Adjudicated
- Hazard Class
- 3Adjudicated
- Packing Group
- IIIAdjudicated
- Proper Shipping Name
- Terpene hydrocarbons, N.O.S.Adjudicated
GHS / OSHA HCS 2024
- Signal Word
- DangerAdjudicated
- H-Codes (Hazard Statements)
- H226, H304, H315, H317, H410Adjudicated
- P-Codes (Precautionary Statements)
- P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P321, P331, P332+P313, P333+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, P501Adjudicated
Occupational Exposure Limits
- OSHA PEL (29 CFR 1910.1000)
- —no canonical
- ACGIH TLV
- —no canonical
- NIOSH REL
- —no canonical
- NIOSH IDLH
- —no canonical
Transport descriptions reflect 49 CFR 172.101 lookup at time of publication. Sourced data: NIOSH Pocket Guide for REL/IDLH, OSHA Z-Tables for PEL. Always verify against the latest regulatory text before shipment-critical decisions.
Health & Fire Hazard
Acute Toxicology
- LD₅₀ Oral (rat)
- 4,400–5,200 mg/kgAdjudicated
- LD₅₀ Dermal (rabbit)
- > 5,000 mg/kgAdjudicated
Acute toxicology values from SDS Section 11 or NIOSH RTECS.
Supplier Qualification Packet
One zipped download containing the TDS, SDS, latest lot COA (when available), and a fresh Letter of Continuing Guaranty for D-Limonene 94% - Food Grade. Every file included is SHA-256 hashed and listed in a manifest your QA team can audit.
Applications
- Used as a solvent and fragrance additive in cleaning products (soaps, laundry detergents), personal care products, air fresheners, insect repellent and pharmaceuticalswintersunchem.com
- Used in food and beverages, including non-alcoholic beverages, ice cream and ices, sweets, baked goods, gelatins and puddings, and chewing gumwintersunchem.com
- Identified as a flavouring substance in JECFA's Specifications for Flavourings (JECFA No. 1326, FEMA No. 2633); note the JECFA specification assay is min 96%fao.org
- Industrial solvent use: degreasing metals prior to industrial painting, in paints, and for cleaning in the electronics and printing industrieswintersunchem.com
- Used in the manufacturing of resins, as a wetting and dispersing agent, and in insect controlwintersunchem.com
- Most often used in the manufacture of bio-based cleaning compounds and as a fragrance additiveflorachem.com
- Chosen over other solvents for its solvency, biodegradability and derivation from renewable resourcesflorachem.com
- Used as a solvent and defoaming agent, and to enhance the quality of drilling muds and help dissolve additivesparchem.com
Applications are drawn from published manufacturer and supplier documentation; each is sourced. Suitability for a specific use is the buyer's to confirm.
Storage & Handling
- Recommended Storage
- Keep tightly closed with minimal headspace, cool and out of light, away from oxidizers. Old or oxidized material is a stronger sensitizer.Adjudicated
- Handling Precautions
- Use standard chemical PPE — splash goggles, gloves, lab coat. Refer to SDS for hazard-specific PPE requirements.Class-level guidance — not product-specific; the SDS controls.
- Incompatibilities
- Strong oxidizing agents and peroxides; strong acids; halogens and iodine pentafluoride (violent reaction).Adjudicated
- Shelf Life
- Consult Technical Services for product-specific shelf life
For full hazard, PPE, and emergency response guidance, refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product. The SDS controls in all cases where guidance differs.
Packaging & Logistics
Shipping Description (US DOT)
UN2319, Terpene hydrocarbons, N.O.S., 3, PG III
Packaging-dependent regulation: Non-bulk packaging (≤ 119 gal, e.g. drums, pails, cans) ships as NON-REGULATED under the combustible-liquid reclassification (49 CFR 173.150(f)). Bulk packaging (totes/IBC > 119 gal) ships fully regulated under the DOT profile shown above. The combustible-liquid reclassification does not apply to transportation by vessel or aircraft, except where other means of transportation is impracticable (49 CFR 173.120(b)(2)).
Sourced from 49 CFR 172.101. Confirm against shipping documents and carrier requirements before tender.
Revision History
Last reviewed 2026-06-24 by Andre Taki, Chief Commercial Officer, DOT Hazmat–certified (49 CFR 172.704).
| Version | Date | Change | Trigger |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.6 | 2026-10-08 | Canonical data updated: 3 fields changed via the provenance/adjudication pipeline.
| canonical_change |
| 1.5 | 2026-10-07 | Canonical data updated: 22 fields changed via the provenance/adjudication pipeline.
| canonical_change |
| 1.4 | 2026-09-30 | Canonical data updated: 4 fields changed via the provenance/adjudication pipeline.
| canonical_change |
| 1.3 | 2026-07-22 | Canonical data updated: 1 field changed via the provenance/adjudication pipeline.
| canonical_change |
| 1.2 | 2026-07-21 | Canonical data updated: 1 field changed via the provenance/adjudication pipeline.
| canonical_change |
| 1.1 | 2026-06-24 | Canonical data re-verified: 13 fields updated against independent vendor SDSs, CLP Annex VI, 49 CFR, and OSHA HazCom 2024 (GHS classification, hazard/precautionary codes, signal word, physical properties as applicable).
| canonical_change |
| 1.0 | 2026-05-20 | Initial URL-first TDS published from canonical chemistry registry. | initial |
This Technical Data Sheet is provided for technical reference. The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) controls in all cases where guidance differs. Values reflect Alliance Chemical canonical data at time of generation; subsequent revisions are recorded in the Revision History above.