Hydrochloric Acid 25% ACS Grade

Product Identifier

Hydrochloric Acid 25% ACS Grade

Grade

ACS

Concentration

25%

CAS Number

7647-01-0

Chemical Formula

HCl

Molecular Weight

36.46 g/mol

Manufacturer

Alliance Chemical
204 South Edmond Street, Taylor, TX 76574

Emergency Phone

Chemtel 1-800-255-3924 (24/7)

Synonyms

Muriatic acid (dilute); hydrogen chloride solution

Recommended Use

Laboratory reagent (ACS grade): titration, digestion, pH adjustment and analytical chemistry.

Restrictions on Use

For industrial and professional use. Never mix with bleach or other oxidizers: this releases toxic chlorine gas. Always add acid to water.

Classification

• Corrosive to metals, Category 1
• Skin corrosion/irritation, Category 1
• Serious eye damage/eye irritation, Category 1
• Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure, Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation)

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

• H290May be corrosive to metals
• H314Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
• H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary Statements

• P234Keep only in original packaging.
• P260Do not breathe dust, fume, gas, mist, vapors or spray.
• P261Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapors or spray.
• P264Wash hands and face thoroughly after handling.
• P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
• P280Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, and eye/face protection.
• P301+P330+P331IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.
• P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water or shower.
• P304+P340IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
• P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
• P310Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor.
• P321Specific treatment (see first-aid information on this label).
• P363Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
• P390Absorb spillage to prevent material damage.
• P403+P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
• P405Store locked up.
• P406Store in a corrosion resistant container with a resistant inner liner.
• P501Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local, regional, national, and international regulations.

Classification, hazard (H) and precautionary (P) statements and pictograms per OSHA HCS 2024 (29 CFR 1910.1200, Appendices A–C), aligned with GHS Rev. 7.

Concentrations are nominal; lot-specific values appear on the Certificate of Analysis. Components not contributing to classification are omitted.

Eyes

Rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Seek medical attention immediately.

Skin

Immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing. Wash with soap. Get medical attention immediately.

Inhalation

Move person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Get medical attention immediately.

Ingestion

Do Not Induce Vomiting! Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If conscious, wash out mouth with water. Get medical attention immediately.

Most Important Symptoms and Effects

• Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes; eye contact may cause permanent damage including blindness; ingestion burns the mouth, throat and stomach.
• Inhalation may irritate the nose, throat and respiratory tract (coughing, sore throat).

Immediate Medical Attention and Special Treatment

• Immediate medical attention is required after eye or skin contact or ingestion; tissue damage may continue after exposure ends.

Suitable Extinguishing Media

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray. Use water spray to cool containers.

Unsuitable Extinguishing Media

Do not use a solid water stream as it may scatter and spread fire.

Specific Hazards Arising from the Chemical

Fire may release corrosive and toxic gases. Containers may rupture when heated.

Protective Equipment

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.

Hazardous Combustion Products

Hydrogen chloride gas when heated. Contact with metals releases hydrogen; contact with oxidizers releases chlorine.

Personal Precautions

Use PPE as described in Section 8. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Hazard-Specific Precautions

Do not touch spilled material without protective equipment. Neutralize residue only with a method suitable for the material, then collect.

Environmental Precautions

Prevent leakage or spillage from entering drains, sewers, or waterways.

Containment & Cleanup

Absorb with inert material. Collect in appropriate waste container. Dispose per applicable regulations.

Safe Handling

Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Keep container closed when not in use.

Safe Storage

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Use corrosion-resistant containers. Keep away from incompatible materials (see Section 10). Keep containers tightly closed.

Specific Storage Precautions

Store in a cool, well-ventilated area in closed, vented, corrosion-resistant containers (polyethylene or glass). Keep away from bleach and other oxidizers, bases and metals.

Occupational Exposure Limits

Engineering Controls

Use adequate ventilation. Provide eyewash stations and quick-drench showers accessible to areas of use.

Eye/Face Protection

Wear chemical safety goggles or face shield.

Skin Protection

Wear chemical-resistant gloves and protective clothing.

Respiratory Protection

Where mist, spray or dust is generated (e.g., spraying, atomization, pressure washing), use a NIOSH-approved half-face air-purifying respirator with combination acid gas / P100 cartridges. Ensure local exhaust ventilation.

Exposure limits sourced from NIOSH Pocket Guide, OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1000 and ACGIH TLVs.

Appearance

Clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid with HCl odor

Odor

Pungent, irritating odor

Odor Threshold

No data available

pH

< 1

Melting Point / Freezing Point

About -74 °C (-101 °F), freezing point

Boiling Point

About 105–108 °C (221–226 °F); the HCl–water azeotrope (20.2%) boils at 108.6 °C

Flash Point

Not applicable

Evaporation Rate

No data available

Flammability (solid, gas)

No data available

Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits

No data available

Vapor Pressure

No data available

Vapor Density

No data available

Relative Density

1.12–1.13 at 20 °C (water = 1)

Solubility

Completely miscible with water

Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water)

No data available

Auto-ignition Temperature

No data available

Decomposition Temperature

No data available

Viscosity

No data available

Particle Characteristics

Not applicable

Values shown reflect product-specific canonical data. Lot-specific ranges may vary; see the Certificate of Analysis for the shipped lot.

Reactivity

May be corrosive to metals.

Chemical Stability

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Possibility of Hazardous Reactions

None under normal processing conditions.

Conditions to Avoid

Heat, direct sunlight and contact with incompatible materials.

Incompatible Materials

Bases, hydroxides, carbonates, amines and ammonia; oxidizers, including sodium hypochlorite (bleach) (release chlorine gas); most metals (release flammable hydrogen); cyanides and sulfides (release toxic gas).

Hazardous Decomposition Products

Hydrogen chloride gas when heated. Contact with metals releases hydrogen; contact with oxidizers releases chlorine.

See Section 2 for GHS hazard classification.

Likely Routes of Exposure

Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion.

Symptoms

• Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes; eye contact may cause permanent damage including blindness; ingestion burns the mouth, throat and stomach.
• Inhalation may irritate the nose, throat and respiratory tract (coughing, sore throat).

Delayed and Chronic Effects

• No delayed or chronic effects identified beyond the classification in Section 2.

Numerical Measures of Toxicity

No data available

Carcinogen Classification

Ecotoxicity

Daphnia EC50: ~ 100 mg/L (48 h, Marine crustaceans — pH-driven; shrimp 100–330 ppm; Carcinus maenas 240, Crangon crangon 260 mg/L)

Persistence & Degradability

Not applicable (inorganic; dissociates to chloride and hydronium ions)

Bioaccumulative Potential

log Kow 0.25, BCF Does not bioaccumulate

Mobility in Soil

Not Available

Dispose of contents/container in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Do not dispose of into drains or waterways.

EPA RCRA Waste Codes

D002 (corrosive, pH ≤ 2, 40 CFR 261.22). Not a P- or U-listed waste.

If discarded, this material may be a corrosive hazardous waste (EPA RCRA D002, 40 CFR 261.22): aqueous with pH ≤ 2 or ≥ 12.5, or a liquid that corrodes steel at more than 6.35 mm per year. The waste generator must make the final hazardous-waste determination.

US DOT (49 CFR)

UN Number

UN1789

Proper Shipping Name

Hydrochloric acid

Hazard Class

8

Packing Group

II

IMDG / IATA classifications may differ from US DOT. Verify current regulations before international shipment.

CERCLA Reportable Quantity (RQ)

Hydrochloric acid / hydrogen chloride (CAS 7647-01-0) 5,000 lb (2,270 kg), about 20,000 lb or 2,100 US gal of 25% solution; the largest Alliance package is a 330-gal tote, so no single package reaches it. EPCRA Section 313 (TRI): reportable only in aerosol forms.

SARA 311/312 hazard categories correspond to the GHS classification in Section 2. Data retrieved as of: California Proposition 65 2026-10-02; US EPA TSCA Active Inventory 2026-10-02; EPCRA SARA 313 (TRI) 2026-10-02.

Revision Date

2026-10-08

Format

16-section format per OSHA HCS 2024 (29 CFR 1910.1200, Appendix D), aligned with GHS Rev. 7.