Industrial chemicals · Taylor, TXTechnical Data Sheet
Hydrochloric Acid 31% Technical Grade
Technical Grade · 31%
Identity & Composition
- Product Name
- Hydrochloric Acid 31% Technical Grade
- Alliance Code
- hydrochloric-acid-31-technical-grade
- Grade
- Technical Grade
- Concentration
- 31%
- CAS Number
- 7647-01-0PubChem
- Formula
- ClHPubChem
- Molecular Weight
- 36.46PubChem
- Product Type
- solution
- IUPAC Name
- hydrogen chloridePubChem
- InChI-Key
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem
- SMILES
- ClPubChem
Specifications
| Test | Specification | Typical | Method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assay, Baumé | 20.0 min. | 20.2 | — | Supplier specification |
| Arsenic (As) | 0.5 max. (ppm as As) | 0.02 ppm | — | Supplier specification |
| Fluorinated organic compounds | 25 max. (ppm) | 0.4 ppm | — | Supplier specification |
| Heavy metals (as Pb) | 1 max. (ppm) | 0.10 ppm | — | Supplier specification |
| Oxidizing substances (as Cl2) | 10 max. (ppm as Cl2) | 0.7 ppm | — | Supplier specification |
| Sulfate (SO4) | Max 60.00 ppm | 8.0 ppm | — | Supplier specification |
| Total organic compounds (non-fluorine-containing) | 5 max. (ppm) | 0.6 ppm | — | Supplier specification |
| Iron (Fe) | 3 ppm max | 0.3 ppm | ICP-MS | Supplier specification |
| Free chlorine (as Cl2) | 10 ppm max | 0.5 ppm | DPD colorimetric | Interpreted |
| Nonvolatile matter | 100 ppm max | 12 ppm | Gravimetric, evaporation to dryness at 105 C | Interpreted |
Specification values are guaranteed limits. Typical values are representative of production lots and are not guaranteed. Lot-specific certificates of analysis ship with every order.
Available GradesSame CAS, alternate grades and concentrations
| Grade | Concentration | Typical Assay | SKU | TDS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| This grade Technical Grade | 31% | — | current | current |
| ACS Reagent | 37% | — | hydrochloric-acid-37-acs-reagent-grade | View TDS → |
| Technical Grade | 37% | — | hydrochloric-acid-37-hcl-37-technical-grade | View TDS → |
| ACS | 31% | — | hydrochloric-acid-31-acs-grade | View TDS → |
| ACS | 25% | — | hydrochloric-acid-25-acs-grade | View TDS → |
| Technical | 25% | — | hydrochloric-acid-25-technical-grade | View TDS → |
| ACS | 20% | — | hydrochloric-acid-20-acs-grade | View TDS → |
| ACS | 15% | — | hydrochloric-acid-15-acs-grade | View TDS → |
| Technical Grade | 15% | — | hydrochloric-acid-15-technical-grade | View TDS → |
| ACS | 10% | — | hydrochloric-acid-10-acs-grade | View TDS → |
| Technical | 10% | — | hydrochloric-acid-10-technical-grade | View TDS → |
| ACS | 5% | — | hydrochloric-acid-5-acs-grade | View TDS → |
| Technical Grade | 5% | — | hydrochloric-acid-5-technical-grade | View TDS → |
Typical assay shown is the rolling-window mean from the sibling product's most recent lots. Grade selection drives downstream end-use — verify the sibling grade matches your specification before substitution.
Physical & Chemical Properties
One or more physical-property values are temporarily suppressed pending verification against vendor COA data. For complete properties refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or contact sales@alliancechemical.com.
| Property | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Form | Liquid | Published reference |
| Color | 30 max. | Supplier specification |
| Odor | Pungent, irritating odor | Published reference |
| Specific Gravity (20 °C) | Min 1.1602 at 60°F (15.5°C) | Supplier specification |
| Density | 1.155 (31% w/w aqueous solution, 20 °C) | Published reference |
| Boiling Point | Not characterized for the 31% solution | Published reference |
| Melting Point | Not characterized for the 31% solution | Published reference |
| Flash Point | Not applicable | Published reference |
| Vapor Pressure | 413.6 mmHg (USCG, 1999) | Published reference |
| Solubility (water) | 82.3 g/100 g at 32 °F (NTP, 1992) | Published reference |
Strong acid — density and vapor-pressure values shown are at 20 °C; values shift markedly with concentration and temperature. Reference concentration-temperature curves before specifying equipment.
Property Curves
Source: Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook (31% reference)
Source: Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook (31% reference)
Reference curves drawn from public engineering data. For engineering use, consult the cited source for the underlying tabulated values.
Materials of Construction
| Material | Rating | Conditions | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rubber-lined steel (rubber lining) | Compatible | 20° Bé muriatic acid, 31.45 wt.% min HCl; bulk tank car and tank truck service | oxychem.com |
Compatibility is drawn from published manufacturer and supplier documentation for this product; each rating is sourced. Confirm against your specific duty cycle before equipment selection.
Materials Selection Tool
Showing 17 of 17 materials compatible at the selected envelope.
| Material | Rating | Max T (°C) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Buna-N (NBR) elastomer | Poor | — | Hardens and cracks; do not use. |
EPDM elastomer | Good | 80 | Standard for HCl and H2SO4 gaskets. |
Viton (FKM) elastomer | Good | 80 | Acceptable for HCl gaskets up to 37 %. |
PTFE fluoropolymer | Excellent | 200 | Universal acid compatibility. |
PVDF (Kynar) fluoropolymer | Excellent | 120 | Excellent for HCl piping at elevated temperature. |
Borosilicate Glass glass ceramic | Excellent | 100 | Inert to most strong acids (avoid HF). |
Glass (borosilicate) glass ceramic | Excellent | 100 | Inert under all conditions |
316 stainless steel metal | Poor | 25 | Severe pitting; use only for vapors |
Aluminium metal | Not recommended | — | Reacts to form H2 gas |
Carbon Steel metal | Not recommended | — | Catastrophic corrosion; never use. |
Hastelloy C-276 metal | Excellent | 80 | Preferred metal for concentrated HCl service. |
Inconel 625 metal | Good | 60 | Acceptable for dilute service |
Tantalum metal | Excellent | 100 | Best-in-class but expensive |
CPVC thermoplastic | Excellent | 90 | Higher-temp variant of PVC. |
FRP (vinyl ester) thermoplastic | Good | 60 | Common bulk-storage tank material |
HDPE thermoplastic | Excellent | 60 | Standard tank/drum material for HCl up to 37 %. |
PVC thermoplastic | Excellent | 60 | Common for piping; verify rating for service > 50 °C. |
Regulatory & Transport
DOT / 49 CFR
- UN Number
- UN178949 CFR 172.101
- Hazard Class
- 8Adjudicated
- Packing Group
- IIAdjudicated
- Proper Shipping Name
- Hydrochloric acidAdjudicated
GHS / OSHA HazCom 2012
- Signal Word
- DangerAdjudicated
- H-Codes (Hazard Statements)
- H290, H314, H335ECHA CLP Annex VI
- P-Codes (Precautionary Statements)
- P234, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501Adjudicated
Occupational Exposure Limits
- OSHA PEL (29 CFR 1910.1000)
- 5 ppm ceilingOSHA 29 CFR 1910.1000
- ACGIH TLV
- —no canonical
- NIOSH REL
- 5 ppm ceilingNIOSH Pocket Guide
- NIOSH IDLH
- 50 ppmNIOSH Pocket Guide
Regional Classifications
- EC Number (EU EINECS)
- 231-595-7Web SDS consensus
- REACH SVHC
- Not listedWeb SDS consensus
- California Prop 65
- Not listedWeb SDS consensus
- WGK Water Hazard (DE)
- 1Web SDS consensus
- TDG Classification (Canada)
- un1789, class 8, pg iiWeb SDS consensus
Transport descriptions reflect 49 CFR 172.101 lookup at time of publication. Sourced data: ECHA CLP Annex VI for harmonised classifications, NIOSH Pocket Guide for REL/IDLH, OSHA Z-Tables for PEL. Always verify against the latest regulatory text before shipment-critical decisions.
Health & Fire Hazard
NFPA 704
- Health:3Web SDS consensus
- Fire:0Web SDS consensus
- Reactivity:1Web SDS consensus
- Specific:CORWeb SDS consensus
HMIS III
Acute Toxicology
- LD₅₀ Oral (rat)
- 700 mg/kgWeb SDS consensus
- LC₅₀ Inhalation (rat, 4 h)
- 3124 ppmWeb SDS consensus
NFPA 704 ratings 0 (no hazard) – 4 (severe hazard) per NFPA 704 standard. HMIS III ratings 0 – 4 per the American Coatings Association. Acute toxicology values from SDS Section 11 or NIOSH RTECS.
Supplier Qualification Packet
One zipped download containing the TDS, SDS, latest lot COA (when available), and a fresh Letter of Continuing Guaranty for Hydrochloric Acid 31% Technical Grade. Every file included is SHA-256 hashed and listed in a manifest your QA team can audit.
Catalog EquivalentsCross-reference vs major chemical suppliers
Honeywell
Cross-references are informational. Confirm against the manufacturer's current specification before substitution. Competitor trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Applications
- Pickling and metal cleaning agent in metal processing, to remove oxides and scalechemceed.com
- Oil well acidizing — dissolves calcium and magnesium carbonate rock formations to increase permeability and productionchemceed.com
- Beneficiation of ores and rock phosphate; stimulation of oil and gas wells in carbonate and sandstone reservoirsitwreagents.com
- Metallurgical pickling, etching and brazingitwreagents.com
- Removal of calcium carbonate (scale) deposits from equipment and cleaning of boreholes and gravel-pack filters after drillingitwreagents.com
Applications are drawn from published manufacturer and supplier documentation; each is sourced. Suitability for a specific use is the buyer's to confirm.
Storage & Handling
- Recommended Storage
- Cool, dry, well-ventilated area in compatible containers (lined steel, HDPE, FRP — verify per concentration). Segregate from bases, oxidizers, metals, and cyanides.Class-level guidance — not product-specific; the SDS controls.
- Handling Precautions
- Use full PPE including face shield, acid-resistant gloves and apron. Add acid to water slowly with stirring; never reverse. Ventilation required.Class-level guidance — not product-specific; the SDS controls.
- Incompatibilities
- Bases, active metals (aluminium, zinc), cyanides, sulfides, oxidizing agents. Reacts violently with organic anhydrides.Class-level guidance — not product-specific; the SDS controls.
- Shelf Life
- Consult Technical Services for product-specific shelf life
For full hazard, PPE, and emergency response guidance, refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product. The SDS controls in all cases where guidance differs.
Packaging & Logistics
Shipping Description (US DOT)
UN1789, Hydrochloric acid, 8, PG II
Sourced from 49 CFR 172.101. Confirm against shipping documents and carrier requirements before tender.
Revision History
Last reviewed 2026-07-17 by Andre Taki, DOT Hazmat Specialist.
| Version | Date | Change | Trigger |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.4 | 2026-08-27 | Canonical data updated: 2 fields changed via the provenance/adjudication pipeline.
| canonical_change |
| 1.3 | 2026-08-05 | Canonical data updated: 4 fields changed via the provenance/adjudication pipeline.
| canonical_change |
| 1.2 | 2026-07-22 | Canonical data updated: 1 field changed via the provenance/adjudication pipeline.
| canonical_change |
| 1.1 | 2026-07-17 | Canonical data re-verified: 25 fields updated against independent vendor SDSs, CLP Annex VI, 49 CFR, and OSHA HazCom 2024 (GHS classification, hazard/precautionary codes, signal word, physical properties as applicable).
| canonical_change |
| 1.0 | 2026-05-20 | Initial URL-first TDS published from canonical chemistry registry. | initial |
This Technical Data Sheet is provided for technical reference. The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) controls in all cases where guidance differs. Values reflect Alliance Chemical canonical data at time of generation; subsequent revisions are recorded in the Revision History above.